“Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory” Screen Play by David Seltzer: Lover of Candy and Literature

            Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory (Warner Brothers, 2001) is an enchantingly dark film based on the book “Charlie and the Chocolate Factory” written by Roald Dahl (Dahl 1-176). First released in 1971, the film was used to promote a new line of candy merchandize from Nestlé. (IMDB) Although the film did not do as well as expected at the time, it has since become a cult classic. Throughout the film the main character Willy Wonka, a candy maker who owns the most popular candy company, makes reference to various pieces of literature. To most audiences these quotes and references are merely quirky sayings used by the strange chocolatier. But if looked at closely, the references are far more important to the film than realized.
            When planning to make the film, Roald Dahl was asked to write a screen play. The intentions were to have the one person who knows the characters and storyline best write the lines for the film. Roald Dahl did write the initial screen play, but the director wanted an enhanced version with more interesting characters for film. Writer David Seltzer was then asked to write a different version of the screenplay. It was that version by Seltzer that made Willy Wonka one of the most sinister and fascinating characters in film.
            The screenplay by seltzer had many slight changes to the original, but kept most of the storyline intact. Seltzer’s love for writing and literature showed immensely throughout the film. From poems to theater, several references are made during certain scenes that are deserving of an analytical review.
            The story of Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory begins with a poor boy Charlie. His family is struggling to make ends meet, causing Charlie to work to feed his family. Charlie loves chocolate, so much so that his favorite time of the year is his birthday, where he receives a Wonka chocolate bar. Charlie’s grandfather tells him of the mysterious candy maker, Willy Wonka, and how he shut out everyone from his factory due to spies attempting to steal his secret recipes and concoctions. A fascinated Charlie hopes to find one of five golden tickets hidden in Wonka bars all over the world. Each ticket winner receives a full tour of the factory and a lifetime supply of chocolate.
            The first four golden ticket finders consist of loathsome, bratty, over indulged children. They bellyache if they do not get their way. Their parents seem to be scared of their temper tantrums and will do anything to stop them. While one parent dotes on her bad-mannered child, another is stressed and frazzled when his daughter has a fit of temper and over powers him with her wants. Their parents aren’t too precious either. A shady car salesman, a teacher that lets her son sit in front of the television all day, a butcher’s wife that indulges in her son’s gluttony, and an owner of a peanut factory that buys his way through everything. Not exactly the greatest influences on young children. Charlie’s grandfather, however, is a kind and loving person that is honest and giving.
Charlie does find the fifth golden ticket, and together they all went to the factory for the tour and to collect their prize. Throughout the tour, the children and their guests experience strange environments, occurrences, and the even stranger Willy Wonka. He is a reclusive man that displays strange antics and outlandish conduct. He seems to be aloof and unconcerned when one by one each selfish child disappears one after another via extreme circumstances such as being sucked into a vacuum tube in a chocolate river, turning into a blueberry, and falling into a trash bin for bad eggs. The only remaining child is the sweet poor boy Charlie. Wonka then reveals to Charlie that the purpose of the tour was to find his successor, a young and selfless child.
            The first literature reference of the film is said while Wonka is unlocking a combination lock to a door. While turning the lock he says “99...44…100% Pure”. The line is a reference to the poem “Home, 99 44/100% Sweet Home” by Ogden Nash. The actual poem consists of only two lines:
“Home is heaven and orgies are vile,
But I like an orgy, once in a while.” (Nash)

The poem reflects the attitude and quirkiness of Wonka throughout the film. His chocolate factory can be compared to heaven. All children and adults alike want to tour it. It is also a dreadfully dark place with mysteries and intrigue but people are still fascinated by them. This was not the only reference to an Ogden Nash poem. He was also quoted from his poem “Reflections on Ice-Breaking” (Nash) by saying, while pouring alcohol into one of his concoctions, “candy is dandy but liquor is quicker”. (Nash)
            Wonka also makes reference to the works of William Shakespeare throughout the film. The first reference made is in the scene where Wonka leads the children and their chaperones into a room, telling them to go through to the other door. After they rush into the room with excitement and cram together in the small space, they realize there is no door. They then begin to panic. When someone hollers out Wonka’s name he replies “Is it my soul that calls upon my name?” from the famous balcony scene in Romeo and Juliet.

Romeo: It is my soul that calls upon my name
How silver-sweet sound lovers' tongues by night,
Like softest music to attending ears! (Shakespeare, Act II, Scene II)

Wonka comes off as very sarcastic throughout the film. When they are screetching and hollering his name in the small crowded room, he is making a statement by using this line. Obviously to Wonka their calls are not the “softest music to attending ears”. This is a great example of Wonka’s witty sarcasm. He also seems to feel somewhat better or smarter than the guests to the factory. He displays this by using references to mock them that they do not understand.
            The next mention of Shakespeare occurs in the inventing room. Wonka is riding a bicycle and appears to be ignoring the guests as if he was in a world of his own. He is singing a song from William Shakespeare’s “As You Like It”.
“In springtime, the only pretty ring time
Birds sing, hey ding
A-ding, a-ding
Sweet lovers love the spring—“ (Shakespeare Act V, Scene 3)

 He is shaken out of his peaceful state of mind by one of the children that stole a piece of exploding candy.
            Again Wonka quotes Shakespeare. This time from his play “The Merchant of Venice” (Act III, Scene 2). One of the children takes a piece of gum in which the recipe hasn’t quite been perfected and she turns into a blueberry. As she is being rolled out of the room by Oompah Loompahs, the mysterious factory workers with bright orange skin and green hair, Wonka says “Where is fancy bred? In the heart, or in the head? (Shakespeare) Shall we roll on?” He is joking about the girl and her lack of manners and common sense because she stole the gum and subsequently paid the price. It also is another example of his clever commentary by saying “bred” and “roll” just after she ate the gum that tastes of a full course meal.
            During the scene where the mother of one of the children is being pulled away by the Oompah Loompah’s after her son was turned into a million satellite particles, Wonka again quotes Romeo and Juliet saying “parting is such sweet sorrow” (Shakespeare, Act II, Scene II) Again this seems to be sarcasm by Wonka making the statement that the child and his mother were both annoying and obnoxious people and he really wasn’t feeling sorrowful about their departure.
            In the scene in which Charlie gives the everlasting gobstopper back to Wonka to prove that he wouldn’t sell it to his rival candy maker, Wonka seems to be shocked at this mature and noble act of the child. In awe of this act, he again quotes from Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice (Act V, Scene 1). “So shines a good deed in a weary world” (Shakespeare), he says softly to himself. He is saying that when everyone else has wrong intentions and gaining wealth from stepping on people, one good deed shines through and outweighs their wealthy gain.
            One of the more interesting references in the film is cited when Wonka and the guests are walking through a hallway that becomes more narrow and small as they progress to where they eventually are crouched in front of a tiny door. The door is impossible to fit through and one of the chaperones comments about how no one would ever fit through it. Wonka in return says “Oh, you should never, never doubt what nobody is sure about”. This is a line from Hilaire Belloc’s poem “The Microbe”. The poem is a fascinating social commentary believed to be about the poets devote Catholicism and scientist’s religious disapproval. Scientists expect people to believe in what they have yet to see but dismiss and argue religion because they say there is no “proof”. This is argued by Belloc by saying that no one has even seen a microbe, yet the scientists swear they exist. Why if they don’t believe in religion without proof, do they believe in something they themselves as scientists cannot explain.  
“The Microbe is so very small
You cannot make him out at all,
But many sanguine people hope
To see him through a microscope.
His jointed tongue that lies beneath
A hundred curious rows of teeth;
His seven tufted tails with lots
Of lovely pink and purple spots,
On each of which a pattern stands,
Composed of forty separate bands;
His eyebrows of a tender green;
All these have never yet been seen--
But Scientists, who ought to know,
Assure us that they must be so...
Oh! let us never, never doubt
What nobody is sure about!” (Belloc)

                        While boarding the Wonkatania, a river boat in the factory’s chocolate river, Wonka recites a line from John Masefield’s poem “Sea Fever”. While the guests climb aboard, Wonka says “All I ask is a tall ship and a star to sail her by”. The poem is a stunning portrayal of a sailor’s journey and way of life. Not wanting much in life, the sailor only asks that conditions for his journey be nice and comfortable. Wonka, a recluse, doesn’t ask for much either. He just wants to live in his factory alone away from people in which he considers to be insufferable. Also the line may be referring to his search for a successor. He is looking for someone with the potential and ability to carry on his business that can be guided selflessly by him.  
“I must down to the seas again, to the lonely sea and the sky,
And all I ask is a tall ship and a star to steer her by,
And the wheel's kick, and the wind's song and the white sail's shaking,
And a gray mist on the sea's face, and a grey dawn breaking.
I must down to the seas again, for the call of the running tide
Is a wild call and a clear call which may not be denied.
And all I ask is a windy day with white clouds flying,
And flung spray and blown spume, and the seagulls crying.
I must down to the seas again, to the vagrant gypsy life,
To the gull's way, and the whale's way, where the wind's like a whetted knife.
And all I ask is a merry yarn from a laughing fellow rover,
And a quite sleep and a sweet dream when the long trick's over.” (Masefield)

                Wonka seems to live in a imaginary child like dream world that has come to life in his factory. He has edible shrubbery, chocolate waterfalls, giant golden chocolate goose eggs, and even lickable flavored wallpaper. While showing the wallpaper to the guests, he lists the flavors including a snozzberry. One of the children protests that there is no such type of berry. Wonka responds by saying “We are the music makers, and we are the dreamers of dreams”. This is from the poem “Ode” by Arthur O’Shaughnessy. Wonka is trying to tell the child that you determine what you believe in or what is real. You make your own reality.
“We are the music-makers,
And we are the dreamers of dreams,
Wandering by lone sea-breakers,
And sitting by desolate streams.
World-losers and world-forsakers,
Upon whom the pale moon gleams;
Yet we are the movers and shakers,
Of the world forever, it seems.” (O’Shaughnessy)

                The most fascinating reference of the film is not made by Wonka, but by a tinker that approaches Charlie on the street at the beginning of the film. Charlie is staring at the factory from the gate doors. He is in awe of the huge factory and the mysteries beyond its gate. Suddenly behind him the tinker says in a tone of caution:“Up the airy mountain, down the rushing glen, we dare not go hunting, for fear of little men” (Allingham). He then walks away and Charlie runs off. The line is from William Allingham’s poem “The Fairies”.
This is the most puzzling of references because the tinker is never introduced again in the film or his intentions explained. It is possible that he is warning Charlie that beyond those gates there is something more ominous. Also he seems to be hinting to the secret mystery of who is running Wonka’s factory. He can’t possibly be making all of that candy by himself, and no one is ever seen entering or leaving through those gates. This is later discovered to be the tiny men known as Oompah Loompahs.
                The film Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory should be watched several times to find all of the references that make the movie intriguing and mystifying. The literary references alone make for an interesting analysis, but many other puns, jokes, and odd little sayings by Wonka and other characters are what make this film so captivating. David Seltzer obviously loves literature and is one of the most talented screenwriters in Hollywood. Without his twist on Roald Dahl’s original “Charlie and the Chocolate Factory”, the film would have come and gone, lost in hundreds of other films that didn’t sell. 


Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory; Dir. Mel Stuart, David Seltzer, Roald Dahl; 1971. DVD Warner Brothers, November 13, 2001.

Dahl, Roald. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. Puffin, 1998

Brodhead, Thomas M. "Quotations and Literary Allusions spoken by Willy Wonka in the 1971 film, Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory." © 2001–2010 Thomas Brodhead, 04 11 2007. Web. 31 Aug 2010. <http://home.comcast.net/~tom.brodhead/wonka.htm>.

"Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory." IMDB The Internet Movie Database. © 1990-2010 IMDb.com, Inc. , n.d. Web. 31 Aug 2010. <http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0067992/>.

Nash, Ogden. "Ogden Nash [Frederick Nash] Quotations, Biography." www.jrank.org. © 2010 Net Industries and its Licensors, n.d. Web. 31 Aug 2010. <http://www.jrank.org/quotations/pages/1198/Ogden-Nash-Frederick-Nash.html>.

Shakespeare, William. "http://shakespeare.mit.edu/romeo_juliet/full.html." http://shakespeare.mit.edu. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Aug 2010. <http://shakespeare.mit.edu/romeo_juliet/full.html>.
Shakespeare, William. "As You Like It ." Shakespeare-Literature.com. Copyright 2003, shakespeare-literature.com, n.d. Web. 31 Aug 2010. <http://www.shakespeare-literature.com/As_You_Like_It/index.html>.

Shakespeare , William. "Merchant of Venice: Entire Play." shakespeare.mit.edu. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Aug 2010. <http://shakespeare.mit.edu/merchant/full.html>.

"Parting is such sweet sorrow." enotes. © 2010 eNotes.com, Inc., n.d. Web. 31 Aug 2010. <http://www.enotes.com/shakespeare-quotes/good-night-good-night-parting-such-sweet-sorrow>.

Belloc, Hilaire. "The Microbe, by Hilaire Belloc." poetry-archive.com. © 2004 Poetry-Archive.com, n.d. Web. 31 Aug 2010. <http://www.poetry-archive.com/b/the_microbe.html>.

Masefield, John. "A Blupete Poetry Pick- John Masefield's "Sea Fever"." bluepete.com. Peter Landry, 2004. . Web. 31 Aug 2010. <http://www.blupete.com/Literature/Poetry/MasefieldSeaFever.htm>.

O'Shaughnessy, Arthur. "Ode Arthur William Edgar O'Shaughnessy ." generationterrorists.com, n.d. Web. 31 Aug 2010. <http://www.generationterrorists.com/poems/ode.shtml >.

Allingham, William. "The Fairies by William Allingham." sff.net. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Aug 2010. <http://www.sff.net/people/doylemacdonald/l_fairie.htm>.

Most of these essays haven't made it past 2 edits. I'm kind of lazy like that. Write it...be done with it! So of course they all still need work, and maybe one day I will feel the need to perfect them.


 Another old essay...

North American Man/Boy Love Association: Child Molesters and the Abuse of the First Amendment

The first amendment right to free speech is necessary for freedom in the United States to remain but is often abused. The North American Man/Boy Love Association, also referred to as NAMBLA, is a group of men that openly admit to having romantic and sexual relationships with young boys. The members are opposed to age of consent laws and supports and practice what most people consider pedophilia. The propaganda from the NAMBLA website articles, online community blogs, and magazines support and commend men for having illegal sexual relationships with these minors and should be banned from being published.

At first glance the NAMBLA website, www.nambla.org, appears like any other organization for a cause; It is professional looking, has a frequently asked questions section, and even a link to donate money. What separates this website from other charitable causes and organizations is that it contains articles promoting child molestation. NAMBLA members believe that the United States government is practicing age based discrimination, also known as ageism. They feel that minors are capable of making the decision to have consensual sex with adults. Most children cannot handle such decisions emotionally and physically and lack the experience and knowledge to do so.

It is very important to remember that sex with children is illegal, and it is obvious that the majority of Americans feel that child molestation is a punishable crime. If found guilty, offenders can spend many years in prison and upon leaving prison must register as sex offenders which puts a permanent mark on their name. Registering as a sex offender will prevent them from living within certain miles of schools, make it difficult when applying for jobs, and become an outcast in the community. If child molestation is illegal, wouldn’t it be illegal to be a member of a group that’s main theory is that it is ok for adults to have sex with kids? But because of the first amendment right to free speech, NAMBLA is able to run their website.

Typing “Man/Boy love” into a search engine can bring some surprising and disturbing results. There are many online communities full of these self professed boy lovers. Most of the men blog about their strong emotional and sexual feelings toward these young boys, creating a visual that is not so pleasant. These men are using these forums to feed off of each other’s stories and fantasies, creating a disturbing web of pedophilia that can be accessed on any home computer. The psychology term “rationalization” refers to the defense mechanism that people often use to justify their actions by saying “It’s ok that I did it, other people are doing it too”. Many of these people in the forums are using rationalization to justify the abuse they are doing to young boys.

In 2003, there was a controversy with the online book store Amazon.com about its sales of the NAMBLA Bulletin, a monthly subscription magazine for man/boy lovers. Many people posted comments of their outrage for the company allowing such material to be sold on their site. Amazon stated that they weren’t sure how the magazine made it on the site and that they would have it removed immediately. This caused uproar in the NAMBLA community, once again claiming their right to free speech. But there was much more than just free speech in this periodical. Almost every glossy page had suggestive pictures of boys that appeared to be in their pre-teens. Man/boy lovers are claiming their right to the first amendment to continue to look at their version of child pornography legally.

The thought of child molesters using the rights our founding fathers gave this country to justify their unspeakable acts is extremely disturbing and disgusting. Because free speech is a sensitive subject, people are sometimes scared to protest their outrage of such propaganda. If we say nothing we are really saying “It’s ok if you talk about molesting a child, but It’s not ok to actually do it”. Americans cannot let these men destroy our younger generations’ minds, bodies, and hearts. There are several websites with petitions to stop the North American Man/Boy Love Association from posting their beliefs online. If more people stood up to what they believed was right, they might be able to prevent the destruction of a child’s life.

The Fertilization of American Crops: Manure vs. Biosolids

Americans value the quality of the foods that are brought to their kitchen tables. They expect their produce to be clean, fresh, and most importantly healthy. Most people inspect their produce carefully looking at its general color, shape, and texture, but do not consider how it was grown. Although there are many types of fertilizers, the two most widely used are biosolids and manure. The similarities and differences between biosolids and manure include chemical ingredients, possible harboring of bacteria, and cost. These similarities and differences may not be well known by the general public but should be considered when making the decision to buy organic or inorganic produce.

Many inorganic crop producing farms fertilize their products using biosolids, which is a stew of human waste and chemicals. Human feces start as a solid then breaks down to a sludge by the mixing of chemicals and natural bacteria. This sludge is then used to fertilize the soil to promote growth in crops. Because biosolids contain chemicals and toxins, any produce that was grown from it is considered inorganic. On the other hand, manure does not contain chemicals or toxins and crops grown from it is therefore considered to be organic. Manure is the fecal matter of plant eating mammals and poultry, but not all manure is made of feces. Some manure, called “green” manure, is crops that were grown for the purpose to be plowed under and return their nutrients to the soil.

Both biosolids and manure have the potential for harboring harmful bacteria. The most common bacteria found in animal or human feces being Escherichia coli (E. coli). E. coli can be harmful and even deadly when consumed, but most of the bacteria are destroyed when it is exposed to the environment in which the crops are grown, making it only a small threat to the consumer. While bacterial contamination is a possibility in both fertilizers, only biosolids used for inorganic produce has the threat of chemical and toxic contamination. Small amounts of chemicals left over from the production of the solid waste into sludge can be found as a residue on the crops. These chemicals include dioxin, which is considered an environmental pollutant, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB’s), and flame retardants. The health risks from these contaminations are debatable and have not been widely researched.

There is an increasing demand for organic products due to the belief that there is less of a health risk in its consumption. Because of the high demand, consumers may notice that the price of organic produce is higher than the price of inorganic produce. One of the reasons for this is the high price for the use of organic manure and fertilizer. Farmers must follow strict regulations and guidelines to have their produce labeled “certified organic” and following those guidelines can be expensive. The use of biosolids is less expensive therefore does not raise prices at the supermarkets.

Choosing to buy organic or inorganic is a personal decision that warrants much consideration. Other considerations may include price, availability, contamination risk, and even handling. Consider how the food was grown, where it was grown, and what it was grown with. With all types of fertilizers there are risks and benefits to their use. Consider them all and choose wisely.

My Girl
By: Lee Bernier

                “My girl!” She cried out as I approached my desk at the nurse’s station. Ruth was sitting in her wheelchair next to my desk waiting for me to get to work like she always did everyday at three o’clock. After flopping my heavy bag onto the desk, I knelt down to look her eye to eye. “Hi Ruthie, Did you know that today is Independence Day? “  She grabbed my hand in hers, looking confused and said “Make it good”.
                Most of the residents on the Alzheimer’s unit where I worked did not remember the meaning of the holiday; they enjoyed their dinner outside under the sun.  The fresh air was a blessing to them, and they cherished every moment they were able to spend outside of the unit. They loved being dressed alike in patriotic colors, having American flags to hold or drape on the back of their wheelchairs, and the smell of hot dogs and hamburgers sizzling on the grill. Ruth however, had no idea that today was different than any other day.
                I had met Ruth when I was a student in nursing school.  At that time, she was able to walk on her own and immediately took interest in me. Anywhere I went, Ruth followed as my shadow.  She always called me her “girl”.  On my last day at the nursing home as a student, I wrapped my arms around her as she gave me a gentle kiss on the cheek.  I promised her I would come back to visit, but I never did.
                Three years later, I returned to the Alzheimer’s unit, as a charge nurse.  I was being introduced to staff on my first day when an elderly woman in a wheelchair headed straight for me. “My girl!” she shouted from down the hall. It was Ruth. The staff looked at me with surprise. I explained to them that I had met Ruth a few years before. They later explained to me that Ruth recently had not even recognized her children when they came to visit her.
                Nurses shouldn’t have favorites, but I couldn’t help it; Ruth was mine.  In early June, Ruth started to become more confused by the day.  She was less alert and spent most of her time sleeping. But Something was different this fourth of July, she was wide awake. Her eyes sparkled and she smiled as if it were Christmas morning. When her family called and asked about her condition, they were surprised when told that she was doing especially well this day.
                When it was time for dinner, I set my work aside and assisted the staff by wheeling and walking residents outside  where we had set up picnic tables. I walked around helping each resident dress their hamburgers and feeding those who could not feed themselves. You could see the joy on their faces as they ate their dinners. They savored every bite, knowing tomorrow the food wouldn’t be as great. After dinner we served homemade ice cream. Ruth ate several cups of ice cream and we were all very surprised by her new appetite.
                It wasn’t long before the night sky arrived. The air was warm and the stars were bright. We had arranged all of the residents in the front parking lot looking toward the building. Later that night, over the roof of the nursing home, we would be able to see the fireworks from the Justice Center next door.  I nestled into a lawn chair next to Ruth on the cooling pavement of the parking lot. Families were visiting and children playing. “Look at that young tot, honey! Isn’t she cute?” Ruth said as some children ran by with sparklers waving in the air.
                The fireworks began shortly after it was completely dark. Loud sounds of pops, bangs, and booms filled the night sky along with bright colorful patterns. You could hear residents gasp between explosions. Ruth was silent as she squeezed my hand.  I watched as her eyes widened, you could see the reflection of the fireworks and sparkles in her eyes. I had paperwork piled on my desk and medications to pass, but my mind set aside these worries, though I didn’t know it was my last moment with Ruth.
“Oh honey, that was the most beautiful thing I have ever seen” Ruth proclaimed as I tucked her into bed for the night. “Goodnight Ruthie, I’ll see you tomorrow” I said as I kissed her on the forehead and quietly left the room.  I heard a whispered “I love you” as I was closing the door.  The fireworks indeed were beautiful, but it was time to get back to work. I sat at my desk thinking how nice it was that Ruth had managed to stay awake and alert for the events.
                The next day I came to work, and flopped my heavy bag on the desk. This time there was no greeting from my dear friend. The halls were too quiet, and something felt very different. I turned to the other nurse. “Ruth passed away last night in her sleep” she told me. Overcome with sadness, I felt upset that I was not able to be with her when she passed. The idea of her dying alone made my heart sink deep into my stomach. Then I remembered how she held my hand as we watched the fireworks that night, not letting me go for even a second. I remembered how she glowed as she gazed at the spectacular light show in the sky, as if she knew she was going home. She was not alone.
                It was hard to adjust to work without Ruth in the following weeks of her death. I no longer had a shadow following me up and down the halls. In my mind now I can hear her calling me her “girl” and the way she would always thank me anytime I did the smallest thing for her. At her funeral I met her children. They thanked me for taking care of her during the end of her life and hugged and held me tight as they cried. I only had Ruth to thank. Her time with me was a confirmation that I was on the right path and doing what I loved best, caring for people who only had love to give back.

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